Aluminium e na le potoloho ea bophelo eo litšepe tse ling tse seng kae li ka li tsamaisang.Ha e khone ho bola 'me e ka sebelisoa hape khafetsa, e hloka karoloana feela ea matla a sebelisoang ho hlahisa tšepe ea mantlha.
Sena se etsa hore aluminiamo e be thepa e ntle haholo - e bōpehileng bocha le ho sebelisoa hape ho fihlela litlhoko le liphephetso tsa linako le lihlahisoa tse fapaneng.
Aluminium boleng ketane
1. Merafo ea Bauxite
Tlhahiso ea aluminium e qala ka thepa e tala ea bauxite, e nang le 15-25% ea aluminium 'me e fumanoa haholo lebanta le pota-potileng equator.Ho na le lithane tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 29 tsa mehloli e tsebahalang ea bauxite mme ka sekhahla sa hajoale sa ho ntšoa, mehloli ena e tla re tšoarella lilemo tse fetang 100.Leha ho le joalo, ho na le lisebelisuoa tse ngata tse sa sibolloang tse ka eketsang lilemo tse 250-340.
2. Ho hloekisa aluminium
Ho sebelisoa mokhoa oa Bayer, alumina (aluminium oxide) e ntšoa ho bauxite sebakeng sa tlhoekiso.Joale alumina e sebelisoa ho hlahisa tšepe ea mantlha ka karolelano ea 2: 1 (lithane tse 2 tsa alumina = 1 tonne ea aluminium).
3. Tlhahiso ea pele ea aluminium
Athomo ea aluminium ka aluminium e kopantsoe le oksijene 'me e hloka ho robeha ka electrolysis ho hlahisa tšepe ea aluminium.Sena se etsoa ka litsela tse kholo tsa tlhahiso 'me ke ts'ebetso e matla ea matla e hlokang motlakase o mongata.Ho sebelisa matla a ka nchafatsoang le ho tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa mekhoa ea rona ea tlhahiso ke mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa ho fihlela sepheo sa rona sa ho se nke lehlakore ka mokhoa oa bophelo ka 2020.
4. Ho etsoa ha aluminium
Hydro e fana ka 'maraka ka lithane tse fetang limilione tse 3 tsa lihlahisoa tsa aluminiamo tsa casthouse selemo le selemo, e leng se etsang hore re be morekisi ea ka sehloohong oa extrusion ingot, sheet ingot, foundry alloys le aluminium e hloekileng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka bophara.Ts'ebeliso e atileng haholo ea aluminium ea mantlha ke extruding, rolling le casting:
4.1 Aluminium extruding
Extrusion e lumella ho bopa aluminium hoo e batlang e le sebopeho sefe kapa sefe se ka nahanoang ka ho sebelisa li-profile tse entsoeng kapa tse lokiselitsoeng.
4.2 Aluminium rolling
Foil ea aluminium eo u e sebelisang ka kichineng ea hau ke mohlala o motle oa sehlahisoa sa aluminiamo e kolobisitsoeng.Ka lebaka la ho sebetsa ha eona ka mokhoa o feteletseng, aluminium e ka phuthoa ho tloha ho 60 cm ho ea ho 2 mm 'me ea tsoela pele ho etsoa foil e le tšesaane joaloka 0.006 mm 'me e ntse e sa khone ho khanya, monko le tatso.
4.3 Aluminium ho lahla
Ho etsa motsoako ka tšepe e 'ngoe ho fetola thepa ea aluminium, ho eketsa matla, khanya le / kapa ductility.Lihlahisoa tsa rona tsa casthouse, tse kang li-ingots tsa extrusion, li-sheet ingots, li-alloys tsa foundry, li-wire rods le high purity aluminium, li sebelisoa ho likoloi, lipalangoang, mehaho, ho fetisetsa mocheso, lisebelisoa tsa elektronike le lifofane.
5. Ho sebelisoa hape
Aluminiamo ea ho sebelisoa hape e sebelisa 5% feela ea matla a hlokahalang bakeng sa ho hlahisa tšepe ea mantlha.Hape, aluminium ha e senyehe ha e sebelisoa hape 'me hoo e ka bang 75% ea aluminium eohle e kileng ea hlahisoa e ntse e sebelisoa.Sepheo sa rona ke ho hola ka potlako ho feta 'maraka oa ho sebelisa hape le ho ba maemong a etelletseng pele karolong ea aluminium ea boleng bo botle, ho khutlisa lithane tse limilione tse 1 tsa aluminium e silafetseng le ea morao-rao ea bareki selemo le selemo.
Nako ea poso: Jun-02-2022